|
Research Publications on "Sho-saiko-to" (1990-2001)
|
|
Is your "Sho-saiko-to" manufactured under the same quality standard as the ones approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor? Find out more... |
|
<41> Authors
Ohtsuka M. Fukuda K.
Yano H. Kojiro M. Institution
First Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Hita,
Oita. Title
Effects of nine active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine
sho-saiko-to on 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide
mutagenicity. Source
Japanese Journal of Cancer Research.
86(12):1131-5, 1995 Dec. Abstract
The antimutagenic effects of nine active compounds in the Chinese herbal
medicine "sho-saiko-to" on mutagenesis induced by a
direct-acting mutagen, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2)
were
investigated in Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100. The active
compounds
examined were classified into two major groups, saponins and flavonoids,
the
former comprising glycyrrhizin, saikosaponins a, c, and d, and
ginsenosides
Rb1 and Rg1, and the latter, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin.
Saikosaponin a
and ginsenoside Rb1 were found to reduce the mutagenicity of AF-2
significantly when applied post-AF-2-treatment in the Salmonella
mutagenicity
assay. Ginsenoside Rb1 also decreased the mutagenic activity of AF-2 in a
simultaneous treatment protocol. The results indicate that saikosaponin a
and
ginsenoside Rb1 may enhance DNA repair, and ginsenoside Rb1 may also have
the
ability to inactivate the mutagenic activity of AF-2 directly. On the
other
hand, saikosaponin d and baicalin showed a slight enhancing effect. None
of
the compounds, except baicalein, showed any toxic effect on the test
strain.
These findings may be useful for the development of chemopreventive
agents. <42> Authors
Oka H. Yamamoto S.
Kuroki T. Harihara S.
Marumo T. Kim SR.
Monna T.
Kobayashi K. Tango T. Institution
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical
School,
Japan. Title
Prospective study of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with
Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9). Source
Cancer. 76(5):743-9, 1995
Sep 1. Abstract
BACKGROUND. Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) arise in patients with
cirrhosis, in whom its incidence is high. The prevention of HCC in
patients
with cirrhosis is important. METHODS. A prospective, randomized, nonblind
controlled study was performed to evaluate the preventive effect of
Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) on HCC development. TJ-9 is a Chinese
herbal medicine that contains crude extracts of seven herbs; it has
antitumor
effects in experimental animals. Two hundred sixty patients with
cirrhosis
were randomly assigned to two groups, matched for age, sex, presence of
hepatitis B surface antigen, and the severity of liver damage. The
patients
in the trial group were given TJ-9 at a daily oral dose of 7.5 g in
addition
to the conventional drugs given to the control patients. The patients
were
prospectively monitored for 60 months and the cumulative incidence of HCC
and
the survival rate in the two groups were calculated. RESULTS. The
cumulative
incidence curve for 5 years of the trial group was lower than that of the
control group (P = 0.071). For the patients without HBs antigen, the
difference was significant (P = 0.024). The survival curve for 5 years of
the
trial group was higher than that of the control group (P = 0.053). For
the
patients without HBs antigen, the difference was significant (P = 0.043).
CONCLUSIONS. TJ-9 helped to prevent the development of HCC in patients
with
cirrhosis, particularly in patients without HBs antigen. <43> Authors
Homma M. Oka K.
Ikeshima K. Takahashi N. Niitsuma T. Fukuda
T. Itoh H. Institution
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Japan. Title
Different effects of traditional Chinese medicines containing similar
herbal
constituents on prednisolone pharmacokinetics. Source
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology.
47(8):687-92, 1995 Aug. Abstract
Three major traditional Chinese medicines (TCM),
Sho-saiko-To, Saiboku-To, and Sairei-To, consist of similar
herbal prescriptions containing glycyrrhizin, which is a strong inhibitor
of
11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We performed cross-over open trials
in
healthy subjects to clarify prednisolone pharmacokinetics on
co-administration of these preparations. All subjects received a single
oral
dose of 10 mg prednisolone before oral treatment with one of the test
preparations. After a 2-week wash-out interval, they received one of the
test
preparations for three days at daily doses of 7.5 or 9.0 g. On the third
study day, 10mg prednisolone was administered orally in combination with
the
test preparation. Area under the curves (AUC) of prednisolone before and
after the treatment decreased from 0.94 to 0.78 mg h L-1 (P < 0.05) in
the
Sho-saiko-To group, increased from 0.92 to 1.06 mg h L-1 (P
< 0.01) in the Saiboku-To group, and did not change in the Sairei-To
group.
AUC ratios of prednisone and prednisolone, which reflect the 11
beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, increased in the
Sho-saiko-To group (P < 0.01), decreased in the Saiboku-To
group (P < 0.01), and did not change in the Sairei-To group after the
treatments. Similar results were observed in ratios of endogenous
cortisone
to cortisol. Because of the equal glycyrrhizin content in all three
preparations, it was unexpected that the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase
effect was different amongst the three groups. These observations suggest
that some unknown metabolic enzyme modifiers, promoters or inhibitors,
may be
involved in these traditional treatments. <44> Authors
Wu X. Akatsu H.
Okada H. Institution
Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya City University School of
Medicine. Title
Apoptosis of HIV-infected cells following treatment with
Sho-Saiko-to and its components. Source
Japanese Journal of Medical Science & Biology.
48(2):79-87, 1995 Apr. Abstract
Baicalein and baicalin are components of Sho-saiko-to (SST),
a Chinese medical drug which is claimed to be therapeutically effective
in
treating HIV-infected patients. Although 20 micrograms/ml of baicalin was
not
cytotoxic to CEM cells, a cultured T cell line, it proved to be cytotoxic
to
HIV-infected CEM cells (CEM-HIV) with a higher HIV-releasing capacity and
DNA
fragmentation was detected within 24 hr of incubation. However, after
incubation of CEM-HIV with a lower dose of baicalin (0.1, 0.3 and 2
micrograms/ml) for 24 and 48 hr, the viable cell number increased by
about
25% and the p24 release into the medium was 25% lower than that of the
control. After further incubation in the presence of the agent for 6 and
9
days, only cells with a lower HIV-releasing capacity survived. Baicalin
might
selectively induce apoptosis of CEM-HIV cells which have a high
virus-releasing capacity, and stimulate proliferation of CEM-HIV which
have a
relatively lower capacity of HIV-production. <45> Authors
Yamaoka Y. Kawakita T.
Kaneko M. Nomoto K. Institution
Kampo (Traditional Chinese Medicine) Research Laboratory, Kanebo Co.,
Ltd.,
Osaka, Japan. Title
A polysaccharide fraction of shosaiko-to active in
augmentation of natural killer activity by oral administration. Source
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.
18(6):846-9, 1995 Jun. Abstract
Shosaiko-to (Xiao-chai-hu-tang, SHO), which is a Kampo
medicine prepared by decocting a prescription of 7 kinds of medical
plants,
has been used mainly to treat chronic hepatitis in Japan. Previously, we
reported that an oral administration of SHO augmented natural killer (NK)
activity in the peripheral blood. To characterize its active substance,
SHO
was fractionated. The high molecular weight fraction showed the ability
to
augment NK activity by oral administration, but the low molecular weight
fraction did not. Furthermore, we obtained an active acidic
polysaccharide
from the high molecular weight fraction. This polysaccharide fraction,
with a
molecular weight of approximately 1.2 x 10(5), is probably responsible
for
the effect of the original Shosaiko-to. It contained no
protein. The sugar moiety was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose,
galactose, glucose and galacturonic acid in molar ratios of
1:17:3:21:100:87. <46> Authors
Fujiwara K. Mochida S.
Nagoshi S. Iijima O.
Matsuzaki Y. Takeda S.
Aburada M. Institution
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan. Title
Regulation of hepatic macrophage function by oral administration of
xiao-chai-hu-tang (sho-saiko-to, TJ-9) in rats. Source
Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 46(2):107-14,
1995 May. Abstract
The effect of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Sho-saiko-to, TJ-9), the
extract of a mixture of 7 herbs, on hepatic macrophage function was
studied
using rats. Hepatic macrophages were activated by injection of
Corynebacterium parvum or 70% partial hepatectomy. Oral administration of
TJ-9 for 3 weeks did not affect the ability of these macrophages to
produce
superoxide anions evaluated in situ by liver perfusion with nitro blue
tetrazolium (NBT) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). However, the
similar
administration of TJ-9 attenuated the blocking of the activation after
partial hepatectomy produced by pretreatment with gum arabic, a
polysaccharide of high molecular weight. When gum arabic was added to the
medium of rat hepatic macrophages cultured with normal rat sera, their
ability to produce superoxide anions was reduced in a dose-related
manner.
This reduction was attenuated by changing the sera to the sera obtained
from
rats given oral doses of TJ-9 for 3 weeks. These results suggest that
TJ-9
may improve the blocked function of hepatic macrophages in activation. <47> Authors
Sakaguchi S. Furusawa S. Yokota
K. Sasaki K. Takayanagi Y. Institution
First Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku College of Pharmacy,
Sendai,
Japan. Title
Depressive effect of a traditional Chinese medicine
(sho-saiko-to) on endotoxin-induced nitric oxide formation
in activated murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. Source
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.
18(4):621-3, 1995 Apr. Abstract
The present study investigated whether or not Sho-saiko-to
(crude powder extract, TJ-9) can suppress nitric oxide (NO) generation by
endotoxin-activated J774A.1 cells in order to study the preventive
mechanism
of Sho-saiko-to against endotoxemia. In this experiment, we
estimated the NO2- in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 using the
Griess method. Our results clearly demonstrated that J774A.1 cells
stimulated
with endotoxin (0.01-10 micrograms/ml) can effectively produce NO, and
the
production was dependent on the dose of endotoxin. On the other hand, we
investigated the suppressive effect of TJ-9 (10-100 micrograms/ml) on NO
generation by endotoxin (0.1 microgram/ml)-activated J774A.1 cells. The
NO
level when the cells were incubated with endotoxin and TJ-9 (10-20
micrograms/ml) was slightly lower than that in cells treated with
endotoxin
alone. In contrast, treatment with TJ-9 (50-100 micrograms/ml)
significantly
inhibited endotoxin-activated NO generation in J774A.1 cells, whereas the
treatment with TJ-9 (10-100 micrograms/ml) alone was ineffective in
inducing
NO formation and in inhibiting cell viability in the J774A.1 cells. These
findings suggest that a Kampo presciption of Sho-saiko-to
shows a suppressive effect on NO generation in macrophages stimulated
with
endotoxin, and that it may be useful in improving endotoxin-shock
symptoms. <48> Authors
Hattori Y. Kasai K.
Sekiguchi Y. Hattori S.
Banba N. Shimoda S. Institution
Department of Endocrinology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine,
Tochigi,
Japan. Title
The herbal medicine sho-saiko-to induces nitric oxide
synthase in rat hepatocytes. Source
Life Sciences. 56(7):PL143-8, 1995. Abstract
We have examined the effects of the herbal medicine
sho-saiko-to (SST) on nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis in rat
hepatocytes by measuring the stable end-product nitrite and the mRNA of
inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Interferon-gamma (IFN) by itself failed to
induce NO synthesis (IFN: 1-1,000 u/ml). SST also did not elicit NO
synthesis
at concentrations up to 300 micrograms/ml when administered alone, but
dose-dependently induced NO production in the presence of IFN. Whereas
SST or
IFN induced barely detectable levels of iNOS mRNA when administered
alone, a
combination of SST and IFN markedly induced iNOS mRNA in the cells. SST
also
modestly increased NO synthesis caused by interleukin-1 or bacterial
lipopolysaccharide as a single agent, or in combination with IFN. On the
other hand, SST had no effects on the NO synthesis produced by iNOS which
were already induced. Thus, we found that SST stimulates cultured
hepatocytes
to produce NO by inducing iNOS gene expression under appropriate
conditions.
The capability of SST to induce NO biosynthesis might be related to the
therapeutic efficacy of SST on the liver diseases. |
|
|