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Research Publications on "Sho-saiko-to" (1990-2001)
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<18> Authors
Yamashiki M. Nishimura A. Nobori
T. Nakabayashi S.
Takagi T. Inoue K.
Ito M. Matsushita K.
Ohtaki H. Kosaka Y. Institution
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine,
Tsu,
Japan. Title
In vitro effects of sho-saiko-to on production of
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by mononuclear cells from
patients with
chronic hepatitis C. Source
International Journal of Immunopharmacology.
19(7):381-5, 1997 Jul. Abstract
During the past 2 years, drug-induced interstitial pneumonia was
reported in
66 Japanese patients, mainly among chronic hepatitis C patients,
undergoing
treatment with the Japanese herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to"
(TJ-9). As interstitial pneumonia is also induced by granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), we examined the effects of TJ-9 on
G-CSF
production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In patients with
hepatitis
B or C, G-CSF production in the absence of any stimulation was
significantly
lower than healthy controls (p < 0.01). G-CSF production increased
along with
the increase of TJ-9 levels, and this could induce excessive
production of
G-CSF in hepatitis C patients, and this may be a cause of
interstitial
pneumonia. <19> Authors
Ohta Y. Nishida K.
Sasaki E. Kongo M.
Hayashi T. Nagata M.
Ishiguro I. Institution
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health
University,
Aichi, Japan. Title
Comparative study of oral and parenteral administration of
sho-saiko-to (xiao-chaihu-tang) extract on
D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Source
American Journal of Chinese Medicine.
25(3-4):333-42, 1997. Abstract
The preventive effect of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chaihu-Tang)
extract (TJ-9) on the progression of D-galactosamine (GaIN)-induced
liver
injury was examined in five week-old male Wistar rats with oral (p.o.)
or
intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the same dose of TJ-9. Rats
treated
once with GaIN (500 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) received TJ-9 at a dose
of 1.0
g/kg body weight (p.o. or i.p.) 2 hours after GaIN treatment at which
time an
apparent liver injury occurred. Both p.o. and i.p. administration of
TJ-9
showed similar significant prevention against the progression of
liver injury
24 hours after GaIN injection. Although total protein and albumin
concentrations in serum and protein concentration in the liver
decreased with
the progression of GaIN-induced liver injury, oral or i.p.
administration of
TJ-9 prevented these decreases in similar degree. However, decreases
in serum
and liver triglyceride concentration with the progression of liver
injury
were not attenuated after p.o. or i.p. administration of TJ-9. The
activities
of liver 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, marker enzymes of
liver
plasma and microsomal membranes, respectively, decreased during the
progression of liver injury. A similar preventive effect on the
decrease of
both enzyme activities was found after p.o. or i.p. administration of
TJ-9.
These results indicate that the preventive effect on progression of
GaIN-induced liver injury by oral or i.p. administration is
approximately
equal, and that the effect may be through improving the impaired
liver
protein synthesis and disrupted liver plasma and microsomal membranes
in a
similar degree. <20> Authors
Piras G. Makino M.
Baba M. Institution
Division of Human Retroviruses, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases,
Faculty of
Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan. Title
Sho-saiko-to, a traditional Kampo medicine, enhances the
anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine (3TC) in vitro. Source
Microbiology & Immunology. 41(10):835-9,
1997. Abstract
Sho-saiko-to (SST), a traditional Kampo medicine, has been
examined for its inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus
type 1
(HIV-1) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
SST alone
moderately inhibited HIV-1 replication at a concentration of 25
microg/ml.
When SST was combined with zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) or AZT
plus
3TC, SST enhanced the anti-HIV-1 activity of 3TC. In contrast, SST
slightly
enhanced the anti-HIV-1 activity of AZT plus 3TC but did not enhance
the
activity of AZT alone. These results suggest that the combination of
SST and
3TC has potential as a chemotherapeutic modality of HIV-1 infection. <21> Authors
Kase Y. Yuzurihara M.
Iizuka S. Ishige A.
Komatsu Y. Institution
Central Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan. Title
The effects of hange-shashin-to on gastric function in comparison
with sho-saiko-to. Source
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.
20(11):1155-9, 1997 Nov. Abstract
The effects of "Hange-shashin-to (TJ-14)" on gastric
function were examined
in comparison with "Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9)". Oral treatment
with TJ-14 (125-500 mg/kg) caused dose-dependent suppression of
ethanol-induced gastric injury, while it did not suppress gastric
lesions
induced by water-immersion stress. TJ-9 (125-500 mg/kg, p.o.)
suppressed both
water-immersion stress-induced gastric lesions and ethanol-induced
gastric
injury in a dose-dependent manner. Intraduodenal administration of
TJ-14 even
at 500 mg/kg did not affect gastric juice secretion, while TJ-9 at
125 to 500
mg/kg dose-dependently suppressed gastric juice secretion. TJ-14
(125-500
mg/kg, p.o.) accelerated gastric emptying in normal rats and improved
the
delayed gastric emptying induced by BaCl2 in a dose-dependent manner,
whereas
such effect was not noted with TJ-9. Oral treatment with TJ-14 at 500
mg/kg
significantly suppressed apomorphine-induced vomiting, but it did not
affect
copper sulfate-induced vomiting. These results suggest that TJ-14
exhibits an
anti-ulcer action (probably based on its ability to protect the
gastric
mucosa), improvement of gastric emptying and an anti-emetic action.
TJ-9 also
showed anti-ulcer effects, probably based on its ability to suppress
gastric
secretion and to protect the gastric mucosa. Thus, the present study
demonstrated the effectiveness of TJ-14 and TJ-9 against gastric
disease, and
provided basic data which explain the differences in clinical
application
between these two kampo medicines. <22> Authors
Huang Y. Marumo K.
Murai M. Institution
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo,
Japan. Title
Antitumor effects and pharmacological interaction of
xiao-chai-hu-tang
(sho-saiko-to) and interleukin 2 in murine renal cell
carcinoma. Source
Keio Journal of Medicine. 46(3):132-7,
1997 Sep. Abstract
Conventional therapy for renal cell carcinoma using interleukin 2
(IL-2) has
shown limited antitumor action. The purpose of our study was to
investigate
synergistic antitumor effects of IL-2 and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT),
and to
elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between the two drugs against
the
murine renal cell carcinoma cell line, Renca, in vivo. The treatment
was
started 5 days after subcutaneous transplantation of Renca tumor.
XCHT was
given at a dose of 2.5 g/kg daily for 30 days orally. IL-2 was given
at a
dose of 10(4) U/mouse by subcutaneous injection every other day 8
times.
Combination of XCHT and IL-2 inhibited growth of the tumor and
prolonged
survival significantly as compared with the untreated mice. Increased
cellular infiltration was observed in tumor tissue and the lungs of
mice
treated with XCHT alone and by combination of XCHT and IL-2, but
there were
no histological changes in the liver and kidney. Elevation of serum
IL-6 was
observed in tumor-bearing mice, but IL-6 was significantly suppressed
by
administration of XCHT. The results obtained suggest that combination
of XCHT
and IL-2 induces enhanced immunological reaction in specific organs
and
tissues, and IL-6 may have a role in the synergistic effect of these
two
agents. It was concluded that combination of XCHT and IL-2 is useful
in the
treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma. <23> Authors
Terawaki K. Nose M.
Ogihara Y. Institution
Department of Pharmacognosy and Plant Chemistry, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan. Title
The effects of crude polysaccharide fractions of 4 kinds of
kampo-hozai
administered orally on nitric oxide production by murine peritoneal
macrophages. Source
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.
20(7):809-11, 1997 Jul. Abstract
In order to characterize the pharmacological role of the crude
polysaccharide
fraction in kampo-hozai, we chose 4 kinds of kampo-hozai,
Shosaiko-to, Daisaiko-to, Hachimi-jio-gan and Hochu-ekki-to,
and studied the effects of their crude polysaccharide fractions on
nitric
oxide (NO) production by 3% thioglycollate-induced murine peritoneal
macrophage. Oral administration of these fractions for 7 d augmented
lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1-10 micrograms/ml)-induced NO production
by
peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest the possibility that a
crude
polysaccharide fraction affect the macrophage function in most
kampo-hozai. <24> Authors
Li C. Homma M.
Oka K. Institution
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo
University of
Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan. Title
Chromatographic identification of phenolic compounds in human urine
following
oral administration of the herbal medicines Daisaiko-to and
Shosaiko-to. Source
Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences & Applications.
693(1):191-8, 1997 May 23. Abstract
Chemical identification of the compounds in human urine following
administration of the traditional Chinese medicines, Daisaiko-to and
Shosaiko-to (Dachaihu-tang and Xiaochaihu-tang in Chinese,
respectively), was achieved by using a linear relationship between
the
logarithm of the capacity factor, log k', and that of the volume
fraction of
CH3CN, log X(s)(vol), in the aqueous mobile phase: -log k'=A+B log
X(s)(vol).
Comparison of the slope, B, and the intercept, A, between the urinary
compound and its suspected authentic specimen gave satisfactory
results in
the chemical identification. We applied this method to the initial
stage of
pharmacokinetic studies on the herbal medicines and identified seven
flavonoids and two anthraquinone derivatives in the urine specimens
obtained
after herbal administration. <25> Authors
Matsumoto Y. Kato M. Tamada
Y. Mori H.
Ohashi M. Institution
Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University, School of Medicine,
Japan. Title
Enhancement of interleukin-1 alpha mediated autocrine growth of
cultured
human keratinocytes by sho-saiko-to. Source
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology.
73(4):333-6, 1997 Apr. Abstract
We investigated the effects of Sho-saiko-to, the most
commonly used herbal medicine in Japan, on the production of
interleukin
(IL)-1 alpha by cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. IL-1 alpha
production
was significantly promoted by treatment with 100 or 500 micrograms/ml
Sho-saiko-to for 24 or 48 hr. Expression of IL-1 alpha
receptors was the most markedly upregulated after treatment with 500
micrograms/ml Sho-saiko-to for 24 hr and with 100 or 500
micrograms/ml for 48 hr; these cells showed the characteristics of
multilayered differentiated keratinocytes. The presence of an
anti-IL-1 alpha
antibody during the treatment with 500 micrograms/ml of
Sho-saiko-to for 24 or 48 hr or with 100 micrograms/ml for
48 hr significantly down-regulated the synthesis by the keratinocytes
and
induced damages in them. Keratinocytes treated with
Sho-saiko-to might produce IL-1 alpha and express IL-1 alpha
receptors. IL-1 alpha may regulate the proliferation and
differentiation of
keratinocytes after Sho-saiko-to treatment. These findings
suggest that Sho-saiko-to enhances the autocrine growth
mediated by IL-1 alpha. <26> Authors
Yamashiki M. Nishimura A. Suzuki
H. Sakaguchi S.
Kosaka Y. Institution
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine
Tsu,
Japan. Title
Effects of the Japanese herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to"
(TJ-9) on in vitro interleukin-10 production by peripheral blood
mononuclear
cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Source
Hepatology. 25(6):1390-7,
1997 Jun. Abstract
"Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) consists of 7 herbal components. In
Japan, it is widely prescribed to patients with chronic viral liver
disease.
TJ-9 is known to suppress liver cancer development and possess
macrobiotic
effects, but its mode of action is not fully understood. This study
investigated the following: 1) cytokine production levels, mainly
interleukin
(IL)-10, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic active
hepatitis B
and C patients, and healthy volunteers; 2) effects of TJ-9 on these
productions; and 3) effects of each of its herb components on
cytokine
production in cell fractions. Results showed that without stimulants,
IL-10
production in mononuclear cells of hepatitis B and C patients was
significantly lower than that of healthy subjects (P < .01). IL-10
production
induced by either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)
in
mononuclear cells of hepatitis C patients were significantly lower
than in
patients with hepatitis B (P < .01) and healthy subjects (P <
.05). IL-10
production induced by anti-CD3 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was
significantly
lower than in healthy subjects (P < .05). The addition of TJ-9 to
the
cultures strongly induced IL-10, and this induction was mainly
attributable
to the effects of 2 components (scutellaria root and glycyrrhiza
root) on the
monocyte/macrophage fraction. The production of IL-4 and IL-5 in
cultures
with concanavalin A (conA) was significantly higher in patients with
hepatitis C than in the healthy subjects (P < .01; P < .05),
but the addition
of TJ-9 suppressed these increases by 25% to 33% (P < .01).
Therefore, TJ-9
could adjust the decreased IL-10 production and the increased IL-4
and IL-5
production of mononuclear cells from patients with hepatitis C.
Moderate
regulation of the cytokine production system in patients with
hepatitis C by
using TJ-9 may be useful in the prevention of disease progression. <27> Authors
Ohtsu S. Izumi S.
Iwanaga S. Ohno N.
Yadomae T. Institution
Laboratory of Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of
Pharmacy,
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan. Title
Analysis of mitogenic substances in Bupleurum chinense by ESR
spectroscopy. Source
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.
20(1):97-100, 1997 Jan. Abstract
The polyphenolic substance(s) in the hot water extract of Bupleurum
chinense
(PSF) showed strong mitogenic activity. In this paper, we analyzed
PSF by
using ESR spectroscopy, and found that i) PSF showed a strong ESR
signal on g
= 2.005 which was similar to the commercially available lignin; ii)
Sho-saiko-to, which contains an extract of B. chinense, also
showed similar signals on ESR; iii) Powdered B. chinense also showed
similar
signals on g = 2.005. Peroxidase activity, essential for producing
polyphenolic substances, was detected in the cold water extract of B.
chinense. In addition, the signal intensity of the ESR spectrum of B.
chinense was increased after boiling. The data of the ESR spectra of
the
model reactions using lignin, arginine, proline and maltose also
strongly
suggested that a certain chemical modification proceeded during the
hot water
extraction to increase the percentage of the stable free radical.
These facts
strongly suggested that the mitogenic substance in B. chinense is a
polyphenolic substance extracted by hot water, and the structure was
modified
during the extraction to increase the stable free radical components. |
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