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Research Publications on "Sho-saiko-to" (1990-2001)
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Authors Yamashiki M. Nishimura A. Huang
XX. Nobori T. Sakaguchi S. Suzuki H. Institution Department of Laboratory Medicine,
Title Effects of the Japanese herbal medicine "Sho-saiko-to" (TJ-9) on interleukin-12 production in patients with HCV-positive liver cirrhosis. Source Developmental Immunology. 7(1):17-22, 1999. Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an important cytokine for maintenance of normal systemic defense and bioregulation. The Japanese herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) has been administered to 1.5 million Japanese patients with chronic liver diseases. TJ-9 is known to significantly suppress cancer development in the liver and has macrobiotic effects. In the present study, we examined the in vitro production of IL-12 by circulating mononuclear cells from liver cirrhosis patients and the effects of TJ-9 on IL-12 production. The monocyte/macrophage fraction and the lymphocyte fraction of peripheral blood were obtained from 11 HCV-positive liver cirrhosis patients and 12 healthy subjects. Interleukin-12 levels in the supernatants were measured using ELISA kits. The levels of IL-12 produced by the patients' fractions were significantly lower than those produced by healthy subjects (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). However, when TJ-9 was added to the cultures, the IL-12 production levels in both cell fractions increased approximately three fold, and the levels from the monocyte/macrophage fraction were almost the same as those from healthy subjects. This effect of TJ-9 was attributable to two of its seven herb components, that is, scutellaria root and glycyrrhiza root. One possible mechanism for the macrobiotic effects of TJ-9 on liver cirrhosis patients may be the improvement in IL-12 production. Authors Nishimura N. Naora K. Hirano H.
Iwamoto K. Institution Department of Pharmacy, Title A Chinese traditional medicine, sho-saiko-to (xiao-chaihu-tang), reduces the bioavailability of tolbutamide after oral administration in rats. Source American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 27(3-4):355-63, 1999. Abstract The effects of Sho-saiko-to on the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide were investigated in rats. After intravenous administration of tolbutamide (5 mg/kg), no significant change in the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide was observed in both groups of single and multiple (7 days) pre-administration of Sho-saiko-to (500 mg/kg). In the study of single oral administration of tolbutamide (50 mg/kg), co-administration of Sho-saiko-to tended to accelerate the initial absorption rate of tolbutamide. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve of tolbutamide after oral administration was significantly reduced by Sho-saiko-to. Subsequently, a significant decrease was observed in the oral bioavailability of this drug when Sho-saiko-to was given concomitantly. These findings suggest that Sho-saiko-to reduces the bioavailability of tolbutamide after oral administration in rats, and that this change is not related to hepatic metabolism. Authors Ono M. Miyamura M. Kyotani S.
Saibara T. Ohnishi S. Nishioka Y. Institution Department of Pharmacy, Title Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract on liver fibrosis in relation to the changes in hydroxyproline and retinoid levels of the liver in rats. Source Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 51(9):1079-84, 1999 Sep. Abstract To examine the effects of Sho-saiko-to extract on liver fibrosis, the drug was administered to rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver-injury at various doses. Hydroxyproline and retinoid levels in the liver were measured as indicators of liver function. In liver-injured rats, the hydroxyproline level in the liver (957+/- 154nmol g(-1)) was about 4.16-times that found in normal liver (230+/-11 nmol g(-1)), but administration of Sho-saiko-to extract (0.75%, 1.5% or 3%) reduced the hydroxyproline level significantly (554+/-58, 356+/-51, 374+/-66nmol g(-1), P<0.01). Single administration of the active constituents of Sho-saiko-to extract, glycyrrhizin, baicalin or baicalein, decreased the hydroxyproline level significantly compared with the ordinary food group (P < 0.05), but the decrease was smaller compared with the Sho-saiko-to extract group. The liver retinoid level was higher in the Sho-saiko-to extract group than the ordinary food group and the value increased dose-dependently. A significant negative correlation, r=-0.814 (P<0.001) was detected between the hydroxyproline level and retinoid level in the liver of liver-injured rats. Significant negative correlations, r =-0.728 (P < 0.001) and r= -0.873 (P < 0.001), were also detected between the liver hydroxyproline level and the liver concentrations of the active constituents (glycyrretic acid, baicalin and baicalein) in the liver-injured rats. From these findings, it was considered that the liver concentrations of hydroxyproline and retinoid as well as the active constituents were involved in the improvement of liver fibrosis in the liver-injured rats administered Sho-saiko-to extract. Administration of Sho-saiko-to extract inhibited collagen production while an increase in retinoid level inhibited activation of Ito cells leading to inhibition and prevention of liver fibrosis. Authors Egashira T. Takayama F. Yamanaka
Y. Komatsu Y. Institution Department of Pharmacology, Title Monitoring of radical scavenging activity of peroral administration of the Kampo medicine Sho-saiko-to in rats. Source Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 80(4):379-82, 1999 Aug. Abstract The Kampo medicine Sho-saiko-to scavenged superoxide anion radicals (O2-), hydroxyl radicals (*OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. We attempted to investigate the transition of free radical scavenging activity in plasma after oral administration of Sho-saiko-to in rats. From the response-time profile, kinetic parameters including values for Ka (absorption rate constant), Tmax (peak concentration time), T1/2 (half life) and MRT (mean residence time) of radical scavenging activity in plasma could be calculated for the O2-, *OH and DPPH radicals. These parameters calculated from the dynamics of antioxidation are considered a very meaningful procedure to examine the effects of Sho-saiko-to. Authors Inoue T. Jackson EK. Institution Department of Internal Medicine, Daisan Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Title Strong antiproliferative effects of baicalein in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. Source European Journal of Pharmacology. 378(1):129-35, 1999 Jul 28. Abstract Recently, antifibrogenetic effects
of Sho-saiko-to, a traditional herbal medicine in Authors Akbar SM. Yamamoto K. Abe M.
Ninomiya T. Tanimoto K. Masumoto T. Michitaka K. Horiike N. Onji M. Institution Third Department of Internal
Medicine, Title Potent synergistic effect of sho-saiko-to, a herbal medicine, during vaccine therapy in a murine model of hepatitis B virus carrier. Source European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 29(9):786-92, 1999 Sep. Abstract BACKGROUND: Traditional herbal medicine, sho-saiko-to (TJ-9), improves subjective symptoms, and a recently developed vaccine therapy reduces the viral replication in some chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-carriers. The study presented here considers the impact of a combination of vaccine therapy and TJ-9 and the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TJ-9. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HBV-transgenic mice (HBV-Tg) expressing similar levels of HBV-related antigens and HBV DNA were used as an animal model of HBV-carrier state, and were assigned to receive either a TJ-9-enriched diet or a monthly injection of vaccine containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or both, for 12 consecutive months. RESULTS: Twelve months after starting the therapy, 9% (1 of 11), 61% (11 of 18), and 100% (10 of 10) of HBV-Tg receiving only the TJ-9-treatment, only the monthly vaccine, and both the TJ-9 and vaccine, respectively, responded to therapy and became completely negative for HBsAg. Spleen lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APC) from TJ-9-treated HBV-Tg produced significantly higher levels of IgM, IgG and antibodies to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and showed significantly higher stimulatory capacity in allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) compared with the spleen cells and APC from HBV-Tg receiving normal diet without TJ-9 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data confirm the therapeutic role of TJ-9 during HBV infection and inspire optimism of a widespread use of TJ-9 during immune therapies. Authors Geerts A. Rogiers V. Title Sho-saiko-To: the right blend of traditional Oriental medicine and liver cell biology. [letter; comment]. Comments Comment on: Hepatology. 1999 Jan;29(1):149-60 Source Hepatology. 29(1):282-4, 1999 Jan. Authors Institution Second Department of Internal
Medicine, Title Effects of Sho-saiko-to, a Japanese herbal medicine, on hepatic fibrosis in rats. [see comments]. Comments Comment in: Hepatology. 1999 Jan;29(1):282-4 Source Hepatology. 29(1):149-60, 1999 Jan. Abstract It has been shown that lipid
peroxidation is associated with hepatic fibrosis and stellate cell activation. Sho-saiko-to
(TJ-9) is an herbal medicine, which is commonly used to treat chronic hepatitis
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